Foreign PolicyPolicy In Focus

ICRD Briefing: The Libyan Migration Crisis

June 7, 2018
23 2,740 2 minutes read

The International Centre for Relations & Diplomacy (ICRD) has published a briefing entitled The Libyan Migration Crisis.

This paper provides an overview of the experiences of migrants who transit through Libya and who are held in detention. It examines the policies of third party states that aim to tackle the migration crisis (so-called due to the sheer extent of migrants who travel through Libya) and how these policies could be improved to ensure they are doing no harm to those they affect.

The Libyan Migration route is one of the busiest migration routes leading to Europe, culminating in a ‘refugee crisis’ for the continent.

The route is a perilous feat with many deaths reported at sea. The UNHCR has reported 14,557 deaths from sea crossings between Libya and Italy over a five-year period between 2012 and 2017.

In addition land crossings are riddled with danger and there are at least 704,142 recorded within Libya.

Irregular migrants have experienced sexual violence, slave labour, torture, unlawful killings and appalling detention conditions, which can lead to infection and disease.

The stakes of this type of migration has guided to states to intervene. Interventions are complicated by the mixed nature of migration – some may be fleeing economic hardship while others are fleeing political persecution and conflict. The country is also still in conflict and the lack of stability makes the rule of law difficult to uphold.

Despite this, state responses need to be aware that Libya does not recognise the right to asylum and is not party to the 1951 Refugee Convention or its 1967 Protocol. It therefore, does not observe international requirements for the treatment of refugees.

Notable efforts have been made by the international community such as tripartite cooperation between the Libyan government, the EU and African Union (AU) to manage the crisis and the Libyan government is working with the IOM toward better migration policies. There are also efforts to help mediate between conflict parties within the country and to implement stabilisation programmes.

However, a major initiative by states is to implement repatriation programmes, which may not take due consideration of the situation returned migrants and potential refugees may face when going home.

Furthermore, certain European states have exercised or supported a’ policy of turning back boats travelling from Libya in the Mediterranean Sea and before they reach Europe. This is delivering migrants and potential refugees to a country, which according to the UN, cannot be considered safe. The broad approach from Europe is to keep migrants out of Europe rather than keeping them safe. This is not an effective migration policy, which should be looking at root causes for irregular migration.

ICRD proposes the following recommendations:

  • End all policies that involve sending migrants to Libya.
  • Screen all migrants before returning them to their country of origin (and Libya) to ensure they don’t require international protection.
  • Resettle screened migrants needing international protection immediately, ensuring adequate resources are provided to do this.
  • Provide other safe or legal pathways for people to leave their country.
  • Influence Libya to sign the 1951 Refugee Convention and its 1967 Protocol and to allow UNHCR to provide open facilities.
  • Ensure Libya’s detention facilities are subject to sufficient monitoring against human rights abuses.
  • Continue stabilisation efforts through capacity building and diplomacy and encouraging a more inclusive approach to talks.

Click here to read the full report

Show More

Related Articles

October 31, 2019
5,867

 The Anglo-American relationship post- Brexit era

July 31, 2018
3,071

Euro-Med HR Monitor: International Law and the Protection of Civilians

July 31, 2018
3,186

ICRD 360 Series: US Iran Relations – Interview with NIAC’s Jamal Abdi

July 31, 2018
2,919

Around the Web: Localising the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

23 Comments

  1. Give 55WWBet a try when you are ready to win big. Loads of options and good odds. You can’t go wrong. It’s worth checking out! Ready to bet? Click here! 55wwbet

  2. Hey! Just checked out 667bet and it seems like it’s got a lot to offer. Good promotions too when I logged on, Worth a shot! Explore the site here: 667bet

  4. IPhone-Nutzer finden die Golden Star Casino App leider nicht direkt im Apple App
    Store – ziemlich ärgerlich, oder? Egal ob Sie sich für
    die App entscheiden oder einfach den Browser nutzen, Sie bekommen die volle Funktionalität.
    Das Ganze basiert auf HTML5-Technologie, was
    bedeutet, dass alles schön flüssig läuft. IPhone-Nutzer fahren besser mit der Browser-Version, die läuft nämlich auf allen Geräten ohne Probleme.

    Zudem können Spieler viele der Spiele kostenlos ausprobieren, bevor sie mit Echtgeld spielen, was
    besonders für Einsteiger im Golden Star Casino hilfreich ist.
    Zudem sorgt die benutzerfreundliche Navigation dafür, dass Spieler schnell ihre Lieblingsspiele
    finden. Das Golden Star Casino online bietet eine beeindruckende Vielfalt an Spielen, die sowohl für Anfänger als auch für erfahrene Spieler geeignet sind.
    Oft werden exklusive Golden Star Casino bonus codes nur für kurze
    Zeit freigegeben, wodurch schnelles Handeln belohnt wird.
    Das VIP-Programm im Golden Star Casino bietet exklusive
    Vorteile wie individuelle Boni, schnellere Auszahlungen und persönliche Betreuung.
    Besonders der Golden Star Casino bonus code ohne einzahlung macht
    den Einstieg besonders spannend und risikofrei.

    Hier findest du deine Lieblingsspiele wie Book of Dead und Starburst, über 2.500 Games zur
    Auswahl und schnelle Auszahlungen in nur 1-3 Tagen. Jetzt können Sie losspielen und sich über die Vielfalt an Spielen freuen! Alles lädt schnell, die Bedienung
    ist einfach und das Spielerlebnis bleibt top, egal auf welchem Gerät du spielst.

    Fans von Tischspielen können sich auf Klassiker
    wie Blackjack, European Roulette und Caribbean Stud Poker
    freuen. Meistens gibt es Willkommensboni, Reload-Boni (also Boni für weitere Einzahlungen) und Freispiele, die für
    zusätzlichen Spielspaß sorgen. Wer den richtigen Code zur richtigen Zeit nutzt,
    kann von exklusiven Vorteilen wie zusätzlichem Bonusguthaben oder kostenlosen Freispielen profitieren.

    References:
    https://online-spielhallen.de/iwild-casino-bewertung-ein-tiefer-einblick-fur-spieler/

  5. Ein Bonus ohne Einzahlung ist besonders
    attraktiv für mobile Nutzer, die gerne unterwegs spielen. Diese Casinos sind oft weniger bekannt, können aber attraktive Bonusangebote bereitstellen, um
    neue Kunden anzulocken. Ein 25 € Bonus ohne Einzahlung ist ein besonders attraktives Angebot,
    das es Spielern ermöglicht, ohne eigenes Risiko mit einem Startguthaben zu
    spielen. Selbst wenn ein Online Casino Registrierungsbonus ohne
    Einzahlung 2025 für Tischspiele genutzt werden kann,
    muss es sich also nicht um einen lohnenswerten Deal handeln. Teilweise nur wenige Prozent werden bei den Tischspielen gewertet.

    Wenn Sie mit echtem Geld spielen, lassen sich Gewinne auch problemlos wieder
    auszahlen. Vergessen Sie natürlich auch hier wieder nicht Ihren Bonus ohne
    Einzahlung, der in Form von Startguthaben oder Freispielen vergeben werden kann.
    Als Slot Liebhaber haben Sie sicher Freude an Freispielen ohne Einzahlung!
    Kostenlos spielen können Sie am besten mit einem Bonus ohne Einzahlung.

    References:
    https://online-spielhallen.de/kings-casino-login-ihr-detaillierter-leitfaden-fur-ein-reibungsloses-spielerlebnis/

  6. This complex is expected to become one of the key elements of the city’s infrastructure, helping to strengthen Brisbane’s position as one of
    Australia’s leading tourist destinations. Guests will be offered
    more than 2,000 gaming machines, over 100 gaming tables, including exclusive VIP zones, as well as separate
    rooms for poker and other table games. Special attention has been given to the design and architecture of the complex,
    which combines modern style with respect for the city’s historical heritage.
    August 29, 2024, will mark a significant date for Brisbane and all of Australia, as the long-awaited opening of
    the newly renovated Star casino Brisbane will
    take place on this day. An important aspect is also
    the casino’s contribution to the local community, including charitable initiatives and support for cultural
    projects.
    This triggered an investigation by Queensland’s casino regulator which found CTF failed to disclose its share in a
    Vietnam casino with disgraced junket operator Suncity and its founder Alvin Chau, who is now in jail.
    Featuring 96 unique rooms of unmatched splendour with all the modern facilities of a five-star
    hotel, Treasury Hotel is unparalleled luxury right in the heart of Brisbane’s CBD.
    At the opening, visitors will be able to see fully renovated
    gaming halls offering the latest gaming technologies, as well as
    luxurious hotels, world-class restaurants, and numerous entertainment venues.
    The new Star casino will include more modern gaming areas,
    luxury hotels, spa salons, and other amenities, providing guests with an unforgettable experience.
    As part of this project, a new entertainment complex with a casino is
    planned to be built, which will become part of a multifunctional
    area with hotels, shops, restaurants, and residential buildings.

    This transformation was part of a broader project to develop the Queen’s Wharf entertainment complex, which includes hotels,
    restaurants, residential complexes, and other infrastructure
    facilities.

    References:
    https://blackcoin.co/star-sydney-online-casino-guide/

  7. It will help companies to prevent fraudulent activity and gambling of minors.
    The verification process is a necessary part of every gambling company.
    So, here is the instruction on how to create a new account at the SkyCrown casino.
    So, here are the instructions on how to get promo codes at the
    SkyCrown casino. In addition, you will receive 300
    free spins.
    There is also one very interesting feature on the SkyCrown casino online website.
    In this table you can see that the SkyCrown casino offers almost perfect withdrawal conditions.
    And here is the table with the most popular SkyCrown casino deposit methods and their
    limits.
    That’s why knowing how to choose a reliable online casino
    is essential for Aussie players who value both fun and security.
    For Australians who value fast payouts and
    a stress-free mobile experience, SkyCrown aims to deliver exactly that.
    Skycrown Casino provides players in Australia with fast and secure ways to deposit and withdraw funds.
    On the official SkyCrown website, you will find tons of casino games
    and activities. All you will have to do is just enjoy
    casino games. In this tournament, you will
    need to play different Smartsoft games.

    References:
    https://blackcoin.co/2_top-5-high-roller-online-casinos_rewrite_1/

  8. While local operators are restricted from offering online casino
    services directly within Australia, international platforms like King Billy can legally accept Australian players as long as they are licensed offshore.
    King Billy Casino is an established online casino platform that has been serving Australian players
    since 2017. The casino provides several roulette games alongside
    multiple types of blackjack and baccarat because of its
    comprehensive gaming selection. King Billy Australia offers an extensive collection of 5,000 games that include slots alongside table games and live dealer features.

    Yes, Australian players can place real money bets across all available
    games using supported payment methods, including AUD and cryptocurrencies.
    The casino delivers a seamless and engaging mobile gaming experience, perfectly optimized for Android users.
    The casino offers Australian players a seamless, secure, and
    flexible banking experience tailored to meet modern gaming standards.

    The casino offers an exceptional selection of games designed to
    suit every type of player — from casual spinners
    to high-stakes table enthusiasts. We will examine King Billy key features — from account creation and welcome bonuses to game selection, payment options, and mobile performance.
    Renowned for its royal theme, exceptional bonuses, and world-class game variety, this casino delivers a premium entertainment experience backed by strong security and fairness standards.

    The King’s 50% Bonus is available once a week and offers a 50% match bonus up to A$113 for deposits of
    at least A$45. It is my understanding that the range of cashback
    is from 3% for Citizen-level players who have deposited and lost at least A$750, to 13% for King/Queen-level VIPs.
    King Billy Casino is a well-regarded online casino
    that has become known for its medieval theme and gaming
    experience. Our responsible gaming section provides direct links
    to professional organizations including BeGambleAware and GamCare, ensuring players have access to expert guidance and counseling services.
    We believe in empowering players with control over
    their gaming experience while providing immediate access to
    professional assistance when needed.

    References:
    https://blackcoin.co/stay-casino-login-australia-quick-access-to-your-account/

  9. This is where MGM Rewards cardholders can redeem their complimentary parking
    benefits. Before leaving, stop at the designated kiosks and insert the ticket
    along with the corresponding parking fees. This eliminates the hassle of separate parking transactions and ensures all charges are consolidated for a smooth checkout
    process. Upon entering the New York-New York Las Vegas parking garage, you will receive a parking ticket at the entrance.

    A basketball game consists of two opposing teams of five players, so there are a total of 10 players on the
    court at one time. Beginning as a small importer of telecommunications switches, the
    company evolved through decades of heavy investment in research and development, eventually challenging the
    dominance of established Western tech giants.
    Despite these obstacles, Huawei has demonstrated remarkable
    resilience by pivoting its business strategy towards emerging technologies, including advanced telecommunications infrastructure, cloud
    computing, and artificial intelligence. Founded in 1987 by Ren Zhengfei, Huawei has grown into one of
    the world’s largest telecommunications equipment manufacturers
    and a leading smartphone producer.

    References:
    https://blackcoin.co/casino-helsinki-more-than-30-years-of-casino-entertainment/

  10. Designed specifically with Canadian players in mind, the platform supports CAD
    transactions alongside six major cryptocurrencies, making it accessible to both traditional and crypto-savvy players.
    The casino employs advanced encryption technology to
    protect player data and transactions, providing a secure environment for online gambling.

    This collaboration guarantees a diverse and engaging gaming experience for Australian players.

    The processing speed is much faster than via fiat options.
    Starting your gaming journey at RocketPlay is quick and straightforward.
    Our regularly updated collection features the latest releases from top game providers.
    Get 100% bonus up to AUD + 100 Free Spins

    References:
    https://blackcoin.co/what-to-wear-for-the-casino-dress-code-and-whatll-get-you-kicked-out/

  23. Trong quá trình sử dụng dịch vụ, sản phẩm giải trí do 888slot cung cấp, nếu thắc mắc hay gặp phải vấn đề bất cập, bạn hoàn toàn có thể liên hệ ngay với đội ngũ CSKH để được giải đáp và xử lý hiệu quả thông qua: Live Chat, Hotline, Facebook, Telegram và Zalo. TONY02-03

Leave a Reply

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *

Close